Layer-1 blockchain built from scratch in Python. Account-based model with secp256k1 signatures, SHA-256 proof-of-work, SHA-2048 agent identity, and Bitcoin-compatible block headers.
roadchain/
├── core/ # Block, Transaction, AccountState
│ ├── block.py # 80-byte Bitcoin-compatible headers, merkle trees
│ ├── transaction.py # Signed transfers with nonce replay protection
│ └── account.py # Account state (balance + nonce)
├── crypto/ # Cryptographic primitives
│ ├── keys.py # secp256k1 keypair generation, ECDSA sign/verify
│ ├── hashing.py # Double SHA-256 (Bitcoin-style)
│ ├── bitcoin_pow.py # PoW target calculation, header serialization
│ ├── sha2048.py # 2048-bit identity hashing
│ └── address.py # ROAD address derivation (pubkey → address)
├── consensus/ # Consensus engine
│ ├── pow.py # Proof-of-work mining with callback reporting
│ ├── validation.py # Block + transaction validation rules
│ └── difficulty.py # Retarget algorithm (2,016 block intervals)
├── identity/ # Agent identity system
│ ├── agent.py # SHA-2048 fingerprinted agent identities
│ ├── registry.py # Agent registration and lookup
│ └── model_registry.py
├── security/ # Network security
│ └── scanner.py # Port scanning, vulnerability detection, fleet scoring
├── wallet/ # Wallet management
├── mempool/ # Transaction pool
├── network/ # P2P networking
├── rpc/ # JSON-RPC interface
├── storage/ # Chain persistence
├── cli/ # Command-line interface
└── constants.py # Network parameters (supply, timing, genesis)
Blockchain Core
- 80-byte block headers (Bitcoin wire-format compatible)
- Double SHA-256 hashing throughout
- Merkle tree transaction commitment
- Account-based state model with nonce replay protection
- Coinbase maturity (100 blocks)
Cryptography
- secp256k1 ECDSA (via coincurve) — same curve as Bitcoin/Ethereum
- ROAD addresses derived from compressed public keys
- SHA-2048 identity fingerprints (256-byte / 512-hex unique agent IDs)
Consensus
- Proof-of-work mining with adjustable difficulty
- 27-second target block time
- Difficulty retarget every 2,016 blocks
- 21M ROAD max supply with halving every 210,000 blocks
Validation
- Full block validation: header linkage, PoW, merkle root, timestamps
- Transaction validation: signature, nonce, balance, fee checks
- Coinbase validation: reward cap, maturity rules
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Max supply | 21,000,000 ROAD |
| Block reward | 50 ROAD (halves every 210k blocks) |
| Block time | 27 seconds |
| Retarget interval | 2,016 blocks |
| Base unit | 1 ROAD = 10^8 units |
| Default port | 27270 |
| RPC port | 27271 |
| Protocol magic | ROAD |
pip install pytest coincurve
cd .. && python -m pytest roadchain/tests/ -v59 tests covering:
- Cryptography — key generation, ECDSA sign/verify, hashing, address derivation
- Blocks — header serialization, genesis block, merkle computation, serialization roundtrips
- Transactions — coinbase, signing, verification, ID generation, size calculation
- Mining — PoW block production, stop signals, hashrate callbacks
- Validation — balance checks, nonce enforcement, self-send rejection, coinbase limits
- Identity — SHA-2048 fingerprints, provider switching, claim signing, serialization
Proprietary — BlackRoad OS, Inc. All rights reserved.