feat(sedona-gdal): add geometry and spatial ref primitives

[Kontinuation]

Summary

• add standalone geometry, geotransform, spatial reference, and VSI wrappers
• expose the first reusable vector primitive module for later dataset and raster operation wrappers
• keep this PR independent so later stacked PRs can shrink once it lands

Depends on #696.

Testing

• cargo test -p sedona-gdal
• cargo clippy -p sedona-gdal -- -D warnings