diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index e04d2bb..3ce831a 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -410,9 +410,9 @@ jambonz.say(text="Connecting you now.").dial(
 
 ## SDK Architecture
 
-The SDK auto-generates verb methods from `specs.json` (from `@jambonz/verb-specifications`). When the spec changes, the SDK automatically picks up new parameters:
+The SDK auto-generates verb methods from JSON Schema files (from `@jambonz/schema`). When the schema changes, the SDK automatically picks up new parameters:
 
-1. `specs.json` — bundled verb/component specifications (synced from upstream)
+1. `schema/verbs/*.schema.json` — bundled verb schemas (synced from upstream)
 2. `verb_registry.py` — maps spec entries to Python methods + synonyms
 3. `verb_builder.py` — generates methods at import time from specs + registry
 4. `WebhookResponse` and `Session` both extend `VerbBuilder`
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
index d7c250b..b4d2d82 100644
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ src/jambonz_sdk/
 │   ├── verbs.py         # All 26+ verb TypedDicts
 │   ├── rest.py          # REST API request/response types
 │   └── session.py       # Call session & WebSocket message types
-├── verb_builder.py      # VerbBuilder — methods auto-generated from specs.json
+├── verb_builder.py      # VerbBuilder — methods auto-generated from JSON Schema
 ├── verb_registry.py     # Verb definitions: maps spec entries → Python methods
 ├── webhook/
 │   ├── __init__.py
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ src/jambonz_sdk/
 - **Transport-agnostic verb building**: Same verb methods on both `WebhookResponse` and `Session`
 - **Fluent/chainable API**: All verb methods return `self` for method chaining
 - **TypedDict for verb schemas**: Type-safe verb construction matching JSON schemas exactly
-- **Auto-generated verb methods**: VerbBuilder methods are generated at import time from `specs.json` + `verb_registry.py` — when the spec changes, the SDK automatically picks up new parameters
+- **Auto-generated verb methods**: VerbBuilder methods are generated at import time from JSON Schema files (`@jambonz/schema`) + `verb_registry.py` — when the schema changes, the SDK automatically picks up new parameters
 - **aiohttp for both HTTP and WebSocket**: Single dependency for REST client and WS transport
 
 ## Verb System
 
-The SDK supports all 26+ jambonz verbs. Verb methods on VerbBuilder are **auto-generated** from the shared `specs.json` (in `/Users/xhoaluu/jambonz/verb-specifications/specs.json`).
+The SDK supports all 26+ jambonz verbs. Verb methods on VerbBuilder are **auto-generated** from JSON Schema files bundled from [`@jambonz/schema`](https://github.com/jambonz/schema).
 
 ### How verb generation works
 
diff --git a/scripts/generate_stubs.py b/scripts/generate_stubs.py
index e44e983..32cb859 100644
--- a/scripts/generate_stubs.py
+++ b/scripts/generate_stubs.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Generate verb_builder.pyi stub file from specs.json + verb_registry.
+"""Generate verb_builder.pyi stub file from JSON Schema + verb_registry.
 
 This creates a .pyi type stub that IDEs (VS Code Pylance, PyCharm, mypy)
 read for static type checking and autocomplete. Run this after syncing
-specs.json or updating verb_registry.py.
+the schema or updating verb_registry.py.
 
 Usage:
     python scripts/generate_stubs.py
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@
 
 from jambonz_sdk.verb_registry import VERB_DEFS
 
-SPECS_PATH = SRC_DIR / "jambonz_sdk" / "specs.json"
+SCHEMA_DIR = SRC_DIR / "jambonz_sdk" / "schema" / "verbs"
 STUB_PATH = SRC_DIR / "jambonz_sdk" / "verb_builder.pyi"
 
-# Maps specs.json type strings to Python type annotation strings for .pyi
+# Maps JSON Schema type strings to Python type annotation strings for .pyi
 TYPE_MAP = {
     "string": "str",
     "number": "int | float",
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 
 def resolve_type(spec_type) -> str:
-    """Convert a specs.json type descriptor to a .pyi type string."""
+    """Convert a JSON Schema type descriptor to a .pyi type string."""
     if isinstance(spec_type, str):
         if spec_type.startswith("#"):
             return "dict[str, Any]"
@@ -61,9 +61,37 @@ def resolve_type(spec_type) -> str:
     return "Any"
 
 
+def _load_schemas() -> dict:
+    """Load verb JSON Schemas from the bundled schema directory."""
+    schemas: dict = {}
+    for schema_file in sorted(SCHEMA_DIR.glob("*.schema.json")):
+        with schema_file.open() as f:
+            schema = json.load(f)
+        schema_id = schema.get("$id", "")
+        if schema_id:
+            spec_name = schema_id.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+        else:
+            spec_name = schema_file.stem.replace(".schema", "")
+        properties = {}
+        for prop_name, prop_def in schema.get("properties", {}).items():
+            if prop_name == "verb":
+                continue
+            properties[prop_name] = prop_def
+        for entry in schema.get("allOf", []):
+            if "properties" in entry:
+                for prop_name, prop_def in entry["properties"].items():
+                    if prop_name == "verb":
+                        continue
+                    properties[prop_name] = prop_def
+        schemas[spec_name] = {
+            "properties": properties,
+            "required": schema.get("required", []),
+        }
+    return schemas
+
+
 def generate() -> str:
-    with SPECS_PATH.open() as f:
-        specs = json.load(f)
+    specs = _load_schemas()
 
     lines = [
         '"""Auto-generated type stubs for VerbBuilder.',
@@ -75,7 +103,6 @@ def generate() -> str:
         "",
         "from jambonz_sdk.types.verbs import AnyVerb",
         "",
-        "",
         "class VerbBuilder:",
         "    _verbs: list[AnyVerb]",
         "",
diff --git a/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_builder.pyi b/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_builder.pyi
index 1e102cd..196fdc4 100644
--- a/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_builder.pyi
+++ b/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_builder.pyi
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def say(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        text: str | list[Any] = ...,
+        text: Any = ...,
         instructions: str = ...,
         stream: bool = ...,
-        loop: int | float | str = ...,
-        synthesizer: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        loop: Any = ...,
+        synthesizer: Any = ...,
         earlyMedia: bool = ...,
         disableTtsCache: bool = ...,
         closeStreamOnEmpty: bool = ...,
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            text: str | list[Any]
+            text: Any
             instructions: str
             stream: bool
-            loop: int | float | str
-            synthesizer: dict[str, Any]
+            loop: Any
+            synthesizer: Any
             earlyMedia: bool
             disableTtsCache: bool
             closeStreamOnEmpty: bool
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def play(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        url: str | list[Any] = ...,
-        loop: int | float | str = ...,
+        url: Any = ...,
+        loop: Any = ...,
         earlyMedia: bool = ...,
-        seekOffset: int | float | str = ...,
-        timeoutSecs: int | float | str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        seekOffset: Any = ...,
+        timeoutSecs: Any = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Play an audio file from a URL.
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            url: str | list[Any] (required)
-            loop: int | float | str
+            url: Any (required)
+            loop: Any
             earlyMedia: bool
-            seekOffset: int | float | str
-            timeoutSecs: int | float | str
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            seekOffset: Any
+            timeoutSecs: Any
+            actionHook: Any
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -76,50 +76,50 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def gather(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        finishOnKey: str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
         input: list[Any] = ...,
+        finishOnKey: str = ...,
         numDigits: int | float = ...,
         minDigits: int | float = ...,
         maxDigits: int | float = ...,
         interDigitTimeout: int | float = ...,
-        partialResultHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
         speechTimeout: int | float = ...,
+        timeout: int | float = ...,
+        partialResultHook: Any = ...,
         listenDuringPrompt: bool = ...,
         dtmfBargein: bool = ...,
         bargein: bool = ...,
         minBargeinWordCount: int | float = ...,
-        timeout: int | float = ...,
-        recognizer: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        play: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        recognizer: Any = ...,
         say: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        fillerNoise: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        actionHookDelayAction: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        play: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        fillerNoise: Any = ...,
+        actionHookDelayAction: Any = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Collect speech (STT) and/or DTMF input.
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            finishOnKey: str
+            actionHook: Any
             input: list[Any]
+            finishOnKey: str
             numDigits: int | float
             minDigits: int | float
             maxDigits: int | float
             interDigitTimeout: int | float
-            partialResultHook: dict[str, Any] | str
             speechTimeout: int | float
+            timeout: int | float
+            partialResultHook: Any
             listenDuringPrompt: bool
             dtmfBargein: bool
             bargein: bool
             minBargeinWordCount: int | float
-            timeout: int | float
-            recognizer: dict[str, Any]
-            play: dict[str, Any]
+            recognizer: Any
             say: dict[str, Any]
-            fillerNoise: dict[str, Any]
-            actionHookDelayAction: dict[str, Any]
+            play: dict[str, Any]
+            fillerNoise: Any
+            actionHookDelayAction: Any
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -128,17 +128,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
     def openai_s2s(
         self,
-        id: str = ...,
-        vendor: str = ...,
-        model: str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        connectOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        events: list[Any] = ...,
-        llmOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Connect caller to OpenAI for real-time voice conversation.
@@ -146,17 +135,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Required: llmOptions, vendor
 
         Args:
-            id: str
-            vendor: str (required)
-            model: str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
-            connectOptions: dict[str, Any]
-            mcpServers: list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            events: list[Any]
-            llmOptions: dict[str, Any] (required)
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -165,17 +143,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
     def google_s2s(
         self,
-        id: str = ...,
-        vendor: str = ...,
-        model: str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        connectOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        events: list[Any] = ...,
-        llmOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Connect caller to Google for real-time voice conversation.
@@ -183,17 +150,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Required: llmOptions, vendor
 
         Args:
-            id: str
-            vendor: str (required)
-            model: str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
-            connectOptions: dict[str, Any]
-            mcpServers: list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            events: list[Any]
-            llmOptions: dict[str, Any] (required)
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -202,17 +158,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
     def deepgram_s2s(
         self,
-        id: str = ...,
-        vendor: str = ...,
-        model: str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        connectOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        events: list[Any] = ...,
-        llmOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Connect caller to Deepgram for real-time voice conversation.
@@ -220,17 +165,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Required: llmOptions, vendor
 
         Args:
-            id: str
-            vendor: str (required)
-            model: str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
-            connectOptions: dict[str, Any]
-            mcpServers: list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            events: list[Any]
-            llmOptions: dict[str, Any] (required)
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -239,17 +173,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
     def elevenlabs_s2s(
         self,
-        id: str = ...,
-        vendor: str = ...,
-        model: str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        connectOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        events: list[Any] = ...,
-        llmOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Connect caller to ElevenLabs Conversational AI agent.
@@ -257,17 +180,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Required: llmOptions, vendor
 
         Args:
-            id: str
-            vendor: str (required)
-            model: str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
-            connectOptions: dict[str, Any]
-            mcpServers: list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            events: list[Any]
-            llmOptions: dict[str, Any] (required)
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -276,17 +188,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
     def ultravox_s2s(
         self,
-        id: str = ...,
-        vendor: str = ...,
-        model: str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        connectOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        events: list[Any] = ...,
-        llmOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Connect caller to Ultravox for real-time voice conversation.
@@ -294,17 +195,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Required: llmOptions, vendor
 
         Args:
-            id: str
-            vendor: str (required)
-            model: str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
-            connectOptions: dict[str, Any]
-            mcpServers: list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            events: list[Any]
-            llmOptions: dict[str, Any] (required)
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -313,17 +203,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
     def s2s(
         self,
-        id: str = ...,
-        vendor: str = ...,
-        model: str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        connectOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        events: list[Any] = ...,
-        llmOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Generic S2S verb (use when vendor is determined at runtime).
@@ -331,17 +210,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Required: llmOptions, vendor
 
         Args:
-            id: str
-            vendor: str (required)
-            model: str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
-            connectOptions: dict[str, Any]
-            mcpServers: list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            events: list[Any]
-            llmOptions: dict[str, Any] (required)
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -350,17 +218,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
     def llm(
         self,
-        id: str = ...,
-        vendor: str = ...,
-        model: str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        connectOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        events: list[Any] = ...,
-        llmOptions: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Legacy LLM verb (prefer s2s or vendor-specific shortcuts).
@@ -368,17 +225,6 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Required: llmOptions, vendor
 
         Args:
-            id: str
-            vendor: str (required)
-            model: str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
-            connectOptions: dict[str, Any]
-            mcpServers: list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            events: list[Any]
-            llmOptions: dict[str, Any] (required)
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -388,15 +234,15 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def dialogflow(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        credentials: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        credentials: Any = ...,
         project: str = ...,
         agent: str = ...,
         environment: str = ...,
         region: str = ...,
         model: str = ...,
         lang: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        eventHook: Any = ...,
         events: list[Any] = ...,
         welcomeEvent: str = ...,
         welcomeEventParams: dict[str, Any] = ...,
@@ -404,7 +250,7 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         noInputEvent: str = ...,
         passDtmfAsTextInput: bool = ...,
         thinkingMusic: str = ...,
-        tts: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        tts: Any = ...,
         bargein: bool = ...,
         queryInput: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
@@ -415,15 +261,15 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            credentials: dict[str, Any] | str (required)
+            credentials: Any (required)
             project: str (required)
             agent: str
             environment: str
             region: str
             model: str
             lang: str (required)
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHook: Any
+            eventHook: Any
             events: list[Any]
             welcomeEvent: str
             welcomeEventParams: dict[str, Any]
@@ -431,7 +277,7 @@ class VerbBuilder:
             noInputEvent: str
             passDtmfAsTextInput: bool
             thinkingMusic: str
-            tts: dict[str, Any]
+            tts: Any
             bargein: bool
             queryInput: dict[str, Any]
 
@@ -443,19 +289,19 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def pipeline(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        stt: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        tts: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        llm: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        turnDetection: str | dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        stt: Any = ...,
+        tts: Any = ...,
+        turnDetection: Any = ...,
         bargeIn: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        noResponseTimeout: int | float = ...,
+        llm: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        eventHook: Any = ...,
+        toolHook: Any = ...,
         greeting: bool = ...,
         earlyGeneration: bool = ...,
-        noiseIsolation: str | dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        noiseIsolation: Any = ...,
         mcpServers: list[Any] = ...,
-        noResponseTimeout: int | float = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Integrated STT → LLM → TTS voice AI pipeline.
@@ -464,19 +310,19 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            stt: dict[str, Any]
-            tts: dict[str, Any]
-            llm: dict[str, Any] (required)
-            turnDetection: str | dict[str, Any]
+            stt: Any
+            tts: Any
+            turnDetection: Any
             bargeIn: dict[str, Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            toolHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            noResponseTimeout: int | float
+            llm: dict[str, Any] (required)
+            actionHook: Any
+            eventHook: Any
+            toolHook: Any
             greeting: bool
             earlyGeneration: bool
-            noiseIsolation: str | dict[str, Any]
+            noiseIsolation: Any
             mcpServers: list[Any]
-            noResponseTimeout: int | float
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -486,21 +332,20 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def listen(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        url: str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        wsAuth: Any = ...,
+        mixType: str = ...,
+        metadata: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        sampleRate: int | float = ...,
         finishOnKey: str = ...,
         maxLength: int | float = ...,
-        metadata: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mixType: str = ...,
         passDtmf: bool = ...,
         playBeep: bool = ...,
         disableBidirectionalAudio: bool = ...,
-        bidirectionalAudio: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        sampleRate: int | float = ...,
+        bidirectionalAudio: Any = ...,
         timeout: int | float = ...,
-        transcribe: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        url: str = ...,
-        wsAuth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        transcribe: Any = ...,
         earlyMedia: bool = ...,
         channel: int | float = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
@@ -511,21 +356,20 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
+            url: str (required)
+            actionHook: Any
+            wsAuth: Any
+            mixType: str
+            metadata: dict[str, Any]
+            sampleRate: int | float
             finishOnKey: str
             maxLength: int | float
-            metadata: dict[str, Any]
-            mixType: str
             passDtmf: bool
             playBeep: bool
             disableBidirectionalAudio: bool
-            bidirectionalAudio: dict[str, Any]
-            sampleRate: int | float
+            bidirectionalAudio: Any
             timeout: int | float
-            transcribe: dict[str, Any]
-            url: str (required)
-            wsAuth: dict[str, Any]
+            transcribe: Any
             earlyMedia: bool
             channel: int | float
 
@@ -537,21 +381,20 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def stream(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        auth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        url: str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        wsAuth: Any = ...,
+        mixType: str = ...,
+        metadata: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        sampleRate: int | float = ...,
         finishOnKey: str = ...,
         maxLength: int | float = ...,
-        metadata: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        mixType: str = ...,
         passDtmf: bool = ...,
         playBeep: bool = ...,
         disableBidirectionalAudio: bool = ...,
-        bidirectionalAudio: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        sampleRate: int | float = ...,
+        bidirectionalAudio: Any = ...,
         timeout: int | float = ...,
-        transcribe: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        url: str = ...,
-        wsAuth: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        transcribe: Any = ...,
         earlyMedia: bool = ...,
         channel: int | float = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
@@ -562,21 +405,20 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            auth: dict[str, Any]
+            url: str (required)
+            actionHook: Any
+            wsAuth: Any
+            mixType: str
+            metadata: dict[str, Any]
+            sampleRate: int | float
             finishOnKey: str
             maxLength: int | float
-            metadata: dict[str, Any]
-            mixType: str
             passDtmf: bool
             playBeep: bool
             disableBidirectionalAudio: bool
-            bidirectionalAudio: dict[str, Any]
-            sampleRate: int | float
+            bidirectionalAudio: Any
             timeout: int | float
-            transcribe: dict[str, Any]
-            url: str (required)
-            wsAuth: dict[str, Any]
+            transcribe: Any
             earlyMedia: bool
             channel: int | float
 
@@ -588,9 +430,10 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def transcribe(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
+        enable: bool = ...,
         transcriptionHook: str = ...,
         translationHook: str = ...,
-        recognizer: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        recognizer: Any = ...,
         earlyMedia: bool = ...,
         channel: int | float = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
@@ -599,9 +442,10 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
+            enable: bool
             transcriptionHook: str
             translationHook: str
-            recognizer: dict[str, Any]
+            recognizer: Any
             earlyMedia: bool
             channel: int | float
 
@@ -613,28 +457,28 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def dial(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        onHoldHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        target: list[Any] = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        onHoldHook: Any = ...,
         answerOnBridge: bool = ...,
         callerId: str = ...,
         callerName: str = ...,
-        confirmHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        referHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        confirmHook: Any = ...,
+        referHook: Any = ...,
         dialMusic: str = ...,
-        dtmfCapture: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        dtmfHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        dtmfCapture: Any = ...,
+        dtmfHook: Any = ...,
         headers: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         anchorMedia: bool = ...,
         exitMediaPath: bool = ...,
-        boostAudioSignal: int | float | str = ...,
+        boostAudioSignal: Any = ...,
         listen: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         stream: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        target: list[Any] = ...,
+        transcribe: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         timeLimit: int | float = ...,
         timeout: int | float = ...,
         proxy: str = ...,
-        transcribe: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        amd: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        amd: Any = ...,
         dub: list[Any] = ...,
         tag: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         forwardPAI: bool = ...,
@@ -646,28 +490,28 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            onHoldHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            target: list[Any] (required)
+            actionHook: Any
+            onHoldHook: Any
             answerOnBridge: bool
             callerId: str
             callerName: str
-            confirmHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            referHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            confirmHook: Any
+            referHook: Any
             dialMusic: str
-            dtmfCapture: dict[str, Any]
-            dtmfHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            dtmfCapture: Any
+            dtmfHook: Any
             headers: dict[str, Any]
             anchorMedia: bool
             exitMediaPath: bool
-            boostAudioSignal: int | float | str
+            boostAudioSignal: Any
             listen: dict[str, Any]
             stream: dict[str, Any]
-            target: list[Any] (required)
+            transcribe: dict[str, Any]
             timeLimit: int | float
             timeout: int | float
             proxy: str
-            transcribe: dict[str, Any]
-            amd: dict[str, Any]
+            amd: Any
             dub: list[Any]
             tag: dict[str, Any]
             forwardPAI: bool
@@ -689,11 +533,11 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         endConferenceDuration: int | float = ...,
         maxParticipants: int | float = ...,
         joinMuted: bool = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        waitHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        waitHook: Any = ...,
         statusEvents: list[Any] = ...,
-        statusHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        enterHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        statusHook: Any = ...,
+        enterHook: Any = ...,
         record: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         listen: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         distributeDtmf: bool = ...,
@@ -714,11 +558,11 @@ class VerbBuilder:
             endConferenceDuration: int | float
             maxParticipants: int | float
             joinMuted: bool
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            waitHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHook: Any
+            waitHook: Any
             statusEvents: list[Any]
-            statusHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            enterHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            statusHook: Any
+            enterHook: Any
             record: dict[str, Any]
             listen: dict[str, Any]
             distributeDtmf: bool
@@ -732,10 +576,9 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         self,
         id: str = ...,
         name: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        waitHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        waitHook: Any = ...,
         priority: int | float = ...,
-        _: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Place caller into a named call queue.
@@ -745,10 +588,9 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Args:
             id: str
             name: str (required)
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            waitHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHook: Any
+            waitHook: Any
             priority: int | float
-            _: dict[str, Any]
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -759,7 +601,7 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         self,
         id: str = ...,
         name: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
         timeout: int | float = ...,
         beep: bool = ...,
         callSid: str = ...,
@@ -772,7 +614,7 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         Args:
             id: str
             name: str (required)
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHook: Any
             timeout: int | float
             beep: bool
             callSid: str
@@ -802,8 +644,8 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def redirect(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        statusHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        statusHook: Any = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Transfer control to a different webhook URL.
@@ -812,8 +654,8 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str (required)
-            statusHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHook: Any (required)
+            statusHook: Any
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -868,7 +710,7 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         method: str = ...,
         body: str = ...,
         headers: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Send a SIP request within the current dialog.
@@ -880,7 +722,7 @@ class VerbBuilder:
             method: str (required)
             body: str
             headers: dict[str, Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHook: Any
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -894,8 +736,8 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         referredBy: str = ...,
         referredByDisplayName: str = ...,
         headers: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
+        eventHook: Any = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Send a SIP REFER for call transfer.
@@ -908,8 +750,8 @@ class VerbBuilder:
             referredBy: str
             referredByDisplayName: str
             headers: dict[str, Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            eventHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHook: Any
+            eventHook: Any
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -919,25 +761,25 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def config(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        synthesizer: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        recognizer: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        synthesizer: Any = ...,
+        recognizer: Any = ...,
         bargeIn: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         ttsStream: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         record: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         listen: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         stream: dict[str, Any] = ...,
         transcribe: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        amd: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        fillerNoise: dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        amd: Any = ...,
+        fillerNoise: Any = ...,
+        vad: Any = ...,
         notifyEvents: bool = ...,
         notifySttLatency: bool = ...,
-        reset: str | list[Any] = ...,
+        reset: Any = ...,
         onHoldMusic: str = ...,
-        actionHookDelayAction: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        sipRequestWithinDialogHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
-        boostAudioSignal: int | float | str = ...,
-        vad: dict[str, Any] = ...,
-        referHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        actionHookDelayAction: Any = ...,
+        sipRequestWithinDialogHook: Any = ...,
+        boostAudioSignal: Any = ...,
+        referHook: Any = ...,
         earlyMedia: bool = ...,
         autoStreamTts: bool = ...,
         disableTtsCache: bool = ...,
@@ -950,25 +792,25 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            synthesizer: dict[str, Any]
-            recognizer: dict[str, Any]
+            synthesizer: Any
+            recognizer: Any
             bargeIn: dict[str, Any]
             ttsStream: dict[str, Any]
             record: dict[str, Any]
             listen: dict[str, Any]
             stream: dict[str, Any]
             transcribe: dict[str, Any]
-            amd: dict[str, Any]
-            fillerNoise: dict[str, Any]
+            amd: Any
+            fillerNoise: Any
+            vad: Any
             notifyEvents: bool
             notifySttLatency: bool
-            reset: str | list[Any]
+            reset: Any
             onHoldMusic: str
-            actionHookDelayAction: dict[str, Any]
-            sipRequestWithinDialogHook: dict[str, Any] | str
-            boostAudioSignal: int | float | str
-            vad: dict[str, Any]
-            referHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            actionHookDelayAction: Any
+            sipRequestWithinDialogHook: Any
+            boostAudioSignal: Any
+            referHook: Any
             earlyMedia: bool
             autoStreamTts: bool
             disableTtsCache: bool
@@ -1027,9 +869,9 @@ class VerbBuilder:
         action: str = ...,
         track: str = ...,
         play: str = ...,
-        say: str | dict[str, Any] = ...,
+        say: Any = ...,
         loop: bool = ...,
-        gain: int | float | str = ...,
+        gain: Any = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Manage audio dubbing tracks.
@@ -1041,9 +883,9 @@ class VerbBuilder:
             action: str (required)
             track: str (required)
             play: str
-            say: str | dict[str, Any]
+            say: Any
             loop: bool
-            gain: int | float | str
+            gain: Any
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
@@ -1053,14 +895,14 @@ class VerbBuilder:
     def message(
         self,
         id: str = ...,
-        carrier: str = ...,
-        account_sid: str = ...,
-        message_sid: str = ...,
         to: str = ...,
         from_: str = ...,
         text: str = ...,
-        media: str | list[Any] = ...,
-        actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str = ...,
+        media: Any = ...,
+        carrier: str = ...,
+        account_sid: str = ...,
+        message_sid: str = ...,
+        actionHook: Any = ...,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Self:
         """Send SMS/MMS message.
@@ -1069,14 +911,14 @@ class VerbBuilder:
 
         Args:
             id: str
-            carrier: str
-            account_sid: str
-            message_sid: str
             to: str (required)
             from_: str (required)
             text: str
-            media: str | list[Any]
-            actionHook: dict[str, Any] | str
+            media: Any
+            carrier: str
+            account_sid: str
+            message_sid: str
+            actionHook: Any
 
         Returns:
             self for chaining.
diff --git a/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_registry.py b/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_registry.py
index 3dd4e8e..ce5ddd0 100644
--- a/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_registry.py
+++ b/src/jambonz_sdk/verb_registry.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Verb registry — the single source of truth for mapping spec entries to SDK methods.
 
-This module defines which entries in ``specs.json`` are top-level verbs
+This module defines which entries in the JSON Schema files are top-level verbs
 (as opposed to nested component types), their Python method names, docstrings,
 and any synonym/alias transforms.
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class VerbDef:
     """Definition of a single verb method on VerbBuilder.
 
     Attributes:
-        spec_name: The key in specs.json (e.g., ``"say"``, ``"sip:decline"``).
+        spec_name: The schema identifier (e.g., ``"say"``, ``"sip:decline"``).
         method_name: The Python method name (e.g., ``"say"``, ``"sip_decline"``).
         json_verb: The ``verb`` value in the output JSON. Defaults to ``spec_name``.
         doc: One-line docstring for the generated method.
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_verb_builder.py b/tests/unit/test_verb_builder.py
index d45851c..2c9e44f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_verb_builder.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_verb_builder.py
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 These tests validate that:
 1. Every verb in the registry has a corresponding method on VerbBuilder
-2. Every method produces JSON output matching the specs.json contract
+2. Every method produces JSON output matching the JSON Schema contract
 3. Verb synonyms and injected properties work correctly
 4. The builder's chaining and reset behavior is correct
-5. Property names in output match specs.json exactly (camelCase preserved)
+5. Property names in output match JSON Schema exactly (camelCase preserved)
 6. The 'from' → 'from_' Python mapping works for the message verb
 
-Tests are driven by specs.json — if a new property is added to a verb spec,
+Tests are driven by JSON Schema — if a new property is added to a verb schema,
 these tests verify the SDK can pass it through correctly.
 """
 
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ def test_method_produces_correct_verb_name(self, verb_def):
         assert verbs[0]["verb"] == verb_def.json_verb
 
 
-# ── Spec-driven: output properties must match specs.json ───────────
+# ── Spec-driven: output properties must match JSON Schema ─────────
 
 class TestVerbOutputMatchesSpec:
-    """For each verb, passing a property defined in specs.json must
+    """For each verb, passing a property defined in the JSON Schema must
     appear in the output JSON with the exact same key name."""
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def test_listen_with_bidirectional_audio(self):
 # ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 def _dummy_value(spec_type):
-    """Generate a dummy value matching a specs.json type descriptor."""
+    """Generate a dummy value matching a JSON Schema type descriptor."""
     if isinstance(spec_type, str):
         if spec_type.startswith("#"):
             return {}